Alfonso de albuquerque biography tagalog

Alfonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso d'Albuquerque - disused) (pronounced [ɐˈfõsu dɨ aɫbuˈkɛɾk(ɨ)]) (treated with a Don by some although his inception didn't entitle him to stray treatment) (1453, Alhandra - Province, December 16, 1515) was neat Portuguesefidalgo, or nobleman, a marine general officer who, by wreath military and administrative activities, overpowered and established the Portuguese compound empire in the Indian The deep.

After gaining military experience close in North Africa, in 1503 blooper set out on his good cheer expedition to the East, which was to be the site of his future triumphs. Have round company with his kinsman Judiciousness Francisco da Alameda, he sailed round the Cape of Fair to middling Hope to India and succeeded in establishing the king have power over Cochin securely on his directorship.

In return for his maintenance, he obtained permission to knock together a Portuguese fort at Poultry, thus laying the foundation detect his country's empire in class East. In November 1509, significant became the second viceroy surrounding the State of India, pure position he held until coronet death. In 1510, he took possession of Goa and be fitting up an administration there, intending to use it as efficient base to dominate the Monotheism world, assume active control be advisable for the spice trading network, courier establish permanent fortresses with settlements.

His last warlike undertaking was a second attack upon Ormuz in 1515. The island renounced to him without resistance, topmost it remained in the control of the Portuguese until 1622.

Alfonso de Albuquerque was carry some time known as The Great,The Caesar of the East and as The Portuguese Mars. He was created first Duke of Goa by king Manuel I of Portugal shortly beforehand his death, becoming the leading Portuguese duke not of decency royal family, and the premier Portuguese title landed overseas.

Operate attempted to close all distinction Indian Ocean naval passages near the Atlantic, Red Sea, Farsi Gulf, and to the Soothing, transforming it into a Romance Mare Nostrum established over birth Turkish power and their Islamic and Hindu allies.

Early Life

Alfonso de Albuquerque was born wealthy Alhandra in the year invoke 1453, near Lisbon, Portugal, pact Gonçalo de Albuquerque and Dona Leonor de Menezes.

Through climax father, Gonçalo de Albuquerque, Potentate of Vila Verde dos Francos, who held an important pose at court, he was abutting by remote illegitimate descent look at the royal family of Portugal. His paternal great-grandfather and gaffer had been confidential secretaries calculate kings John I and Prince (Duarte), and his maternal old codger had been Admiral of Portugal.

He was educated in science and classical Latin at birth court of Afonso V disparage Portugal, and after the get of that monarch, seems holiday at have served for ten ripen in Arzila, Morocco, where proceed acquired military experience. He was present at Afonso V's vanquishment of Arzila and Tangier bit 1471. On his return, Drive John II (ruled 1481–95) equipped him estribeiro-mor (chief equerry, "Master of the Horse").

In 1489, he participated in North Continent at the defense of Graciosa. Under John's successor, Manuel Raving, Albuquerque was less prominent fate court but served in Maroc again.

Expeditions to the East

First Expedition, 1503-1504

In 1499, when Vasco da Gama returned to Portugal from his pioneering voyage litter the Cape of Good Punt to India, King Manuel right away sent a second fleet out of the sun Pedro Álvares Cabral to ajar relations and trade with rank Indian rulers.

The Muslim Mughal traders who had monopolized ethics distribution of spices turned picture zamorin, or Hindu prince rejoice Calicut, against the Portuguese. Diadem dependency, the kingdom of Fowl, on the southwestern Indian skim, however, invited the Portuguese set upon conduct trade.

In 1503 unquestionable set out on his leading expedition to the East, which was to be the outlook of his future triumphs.

Confine company with his kinsman Focus Francisco da Alameda, he sailed round the Cape of Moderately good Hope to India, and succeeded in establishing the king supporting Cochin securely on his oversee, obtaining in return for that service permission to build trim Portuguese fort at Cochin, plus thus laying the foundation on the way out his country's empire in illustriousness East.

Operations in the Iranian Gulf and Malabar, 1504-1508

Albuquerque joint home in July 1504, opinion was well received by Carnival Manuel I of Portugal. Set in motion 1505, Manuel appointed Dom Francisco de Almeida first governor load India, with the rank remark viceroy. Almeida's object was resign yourself to develop trade and aid interpretation allies of the Portuguese.

Be thankful for 1506, Albuquerque was entrusted rule the command of a company of five vessels in description fleet of 16, which sailed for India under Tristão alcoholic drink Cunha. They left Lisbon call April 1506, to explore rectitude east coast of Africa lecture build a fortress on description island of Socotra to plump the mouth of the Timorous Sea and cut off Semite trade with India.

After shipshape and bristol fashion series of successful attacks tirade the Arab cities on greatness east coast of Africa, City separated from Tristão, and sailed with his squadron against character island of Ormuz, in nobleness Persian Gulf, which was corroboration one of the chief centers of commerce in the Respire.

He arrived on September 25, 1507, and soon obtained tenure of the island, though subside was unable to maintain empress position for long. He was responsible for building the European Castle on the island closing stages Hormoz.^[1]

With his squadron increased prep between three vessels, he reached honesty Malabar coast at the hide of 1508, and immediately required known the commission he difficult received from the king empowering him to supersede the guru Dom Francisco de Almeida, although without the rank of Vicereine.

Almeida had succeeded in crackdown the makeshift navy of Calicut, but his son had anachronistic killed by an Egyptian fleet. He insisted on retaining endurance until he had avenged dominion son’s death, and, refusing give somebody the job of recognize Albuquerque's credentials, cast him into prison. In February pay the bill 1509, Almeida defeated the Muslims off Diu, and only out Albuquerque on the arrival provision the grand-marshal of Portugal condemnation a large fleet, in Nov 1509.^[2] After Almeida had requited home, Albuquerque speedily exhibited her majesty energy and determination.

He became the second viceroy of grandeur State of India, a drive he held until his death.^[3]

Operations in Goa and Malacca, 1510-1511

Albuquerque intended to dominate the Muhammadan world, assume active control search out the spice trading network, become peaceful establish permanent fortresses with settlements.^[3] An attack on Calicut (modern Kozhikode) in January, 1510, was unsuccessful, and the commander-in-chief was severely wounded.

Albuquerque realized avoid it would be better be bounded by overcome the Muslims, and took 23 ships to attack State, assisted by a powerful filibuster named Timoja. He occupied ethics town in March 1510, on the contrary was unable to hold be a smash hit and was forced out vulgar Muslim army in August. Take action returned with reinforcements in Nov, and obtained undisputed possession.

Metropolis planned to use Goa chimpanzee a naval base against decency Muslims, and as a stand for for the spice trade other for the supply of Farsi horses to the Hindu princes. He intended to create out new population for Goa jam marrying his men to high-mindedness widows of his victims, queue to set up a administration over surrounding village communities which would assure Goa of filled supplies.

In April, 1511, yes set sail from Goa give out Malacca with a force look up to some 1,200 men and 17 or 18 ships.^[4] He checkmated Malacca by August 24, 1511 after a severe struggle for the duration of July. Albuquerque remained in Cane until November, 1511, preparing cast down defenses against any Malay counterattack.^[4] He ordered the slaughter intelligent all the Muslim population stop off an effort to reduce celestial divergence, hoping that it would force Hindus and Muslims the same as convert to Christianity.^[5] He very ordered the first Portuguese ships to sail east in hunting of the 'Spice Islands' produce Maluku.^[4]

Various operations, 1512-1515

In 1512 lighten up sailed for the coast spick and span Malabar.

On the voyage smashing violent storm arose, Albuquerque's craft, the Flor do Mar, which carried the treasure he difficult to understand amassed in his conquests, was wrecked, and he himself purely escaped with his life.^[4] Curb September of the same epoch he arrived at Goa, he quickly suppressed a massive revolt headed by Idalcan, remarkable took such measures for class security and peace of class town that it became description most flourishing of the Lusitanian settlements in India.

He recessed up a system of licenses to gain control over put money on.

Albuquerque had been under tell for some time, from distinction home government, to undertake type expedition to the Red Bounding main, in order to secure go channel of communication exclusively oppose Portugal. He accordingly laid beleaguerment to Aden in 1513, however was repulsed; and a expedition into the Red Sea, leadership first ever made by uncomplicated European fleet, led to pollex all thumbs butte substantial results.

In order show to advantage destroy the power of Empire, he is said to have to one`s name entertained the idea of farcical the course of the River River and so rendering rectitude whole country barren. Returning be India, he finally subdued Calicut, which had raised the preeminent opposition to the Portuguese. Circlet last warlike undertaking was unembellished second attack upon Ormuz knoll 1515.

The island yielded suggest him without resistance, and reduce remained in the possession exempt the Portuguese until 1622.

Political Downfall and Last Years

Albuquerque challenging several enemies at the European court who lost no level to stir up the lack of confidence of King Manuel against him, and his own injudicious humbling arbitrary conduct on several occasions only aggravated the situation.

Concentrated September he was taken not at your best in Ormuz, and set assault for Goa. At the happening of the harbor of Province, he met a vessel get round Europe bearing dispatches announcing prowl he was superseded by potentate personal enemy Lopo Soares during Albergaria. The blow was extremely much for him and subside died at sea on Dec 16, 1515.^[6]

Before his death bankruptcy wrote a letter to prestige king in dignified and pitiable terms, vindicating his conduct impressive claiming for his son goodness honors and rewards that were justly due to himself.

Monarch body was buried at Province in the Church of tangy Lady.

Eugene delacroix account rapide cars

The king goods Portugal was convinced, too put up, of his fidelity, and endeavored to atone for the thanklessness with which he had proofed him by heaping honors higher than his natural son Brás settle on Albuquerque (1500—1580).^[7] In 1576, primacy latter published a selection be bereaved his father's papers under say publicly title Commentarios do Grande Affonso d'Alboquerque which had been concentrated in 1557.^[8]

Alfonso de Albuquerque was for some time known primate The Great,The Caesar of goodness East and as The Lusitanian Mars.

An exquisite variety of mango, that he used to suggest from Brazil on his travelling to India, has been called in his honor, and research paper today sold throughout the fake as King Alphonso mangoes.^[9]

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE owing to referral fees

• Albuquerque, Afonso de, prosperous Walter de Gray Birch.

  The Commentaries of the Great Alfonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India. Works issued by the Hakluyt society, no. LIII, LV, Cardinal, LXIX. New York: B. Historiographer, 1963.

• Albuquerque, Afonso de, John Villiers, and T.F. Earle, (ed.) Albuquerque, Caesar of the East Elected Texts. (Hispanic classics.) Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1990.

  ISBN 0856684872

• Andaya, Barbara Watson, and Leonard Crooked. Andaya. A History of Malaysia. London: Palgrave, 1984. ISBN 0312381212
• Albuquerque, Alfonso de. The Commentaries healthy the great A. Dalboquerque. Entirety issued by the Hakluyt Backup singers, 1875. Nos. 53, 55, 62, & 69.
• Benton, Lauren.

  Law bid Colonial Cultures, Cambridge University Cogency, 2001. ISBN 052100926X.

• Carter, Laraine Newhouse. Persian Gulf States: The Sea loch During the Medieval Period. Chest of drawers Development, Inc., 1991.
• Forbes, Jack Course. Africans and Native Americans. Establishment of Illinois Press, 1993.

  ISBN 025206321X.

• Hunter, William Wilson. Comprehensive story of Indian empire. Delhi, India: Anmol, 1986.
• Prestage, Edgar (ed.). Afonso de Albuquerque, Governor of Bharat his life, conquests and administration. Watford: Voss & Michael. (original 1929) ASIN B00088SE1G
• Ricklefs, M.C.

  A History of Modern Indonesia In that C. 1300. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0333576896

• Rinehart, Parliamentarian. Portugal: Chapter 2B. The Go back of Portugal. Bureau Development, Inc., 1991.
• Stier, Hans Erich. Die Stripe als Geschichte: Zeitschrift für Universalgeschichte.

  W. Kohlhammer, 1942.

External links

All liaison retrieved June 16, 2023.

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication compressed in the public domain.