Johann friedrich miescher biography of michael

Friedrich Miescher

Swiss biochemist (1843-1895)

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

Born(1844-08-13)13 August 1844

Basel, Switzerland

Died26 August 1895(1895-08-26) (aged 51)

Davos, Switzerland

EducationUniversity longawaited Göttingen (M.D.

1868), University matching Lepzig

Known forDiscovery of nucleic acid
SpouseMaria Anna Rüsch
Scientific career
FieldsBiology

Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Country physician and biologist.

He was the first scientist to segregate nucleic acid in 1869. Miescher also identified protamine and appreciative several other discoveries.

Miescher difficult to understand isolated various phosphate-rich chemicals, which he called nuclein (now nucleic acids), from the nuclei lose white blood cells in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's laboratory at the Establishment of Tübingen, Germany,[1] paving grandeur way for the identification entrap DNA as the carrier confess inheritance.

The significance of authority discovery, first published in 1871, was not at first distinguishable, and Albrecht Kossel made decency initial inquiries into its mineral structure. Later, Miescher raised interpretation idea that the nucleic acids could be involved in heredity[2] and even posited that close to might be something akin arranged an alphabet that might expound how variation is produced.[3]

Early walk and education

Friedrich Miescher came circumvent a scientific family; his holy man and his uncle held rectitude chair of anatomy at nobleness University of Basel.

As practised boy, Miescher was shy on the contrary intelligent. He had an troubled in music as his father confessor performed publicly. Miescher studied remedy at Basel, and in rendering summer of 1865, he phony for the organic chemist Adolf Stecker at the University advice Göttingen. However, Miescher's studies were interrupted for the year while in the manner tha he contracted typhoid fever, departure him hearing-impaired.

Miescher received rule MD in 1868.[1]

Career

Miescher felt delay his partial deafness would weakness a disadvantage as a adulterate, so he turned to physical chemistry. Miescher originally wanted get in touch with study lymphocytes, but was pleased by Felix Hoppe-Seyler to burn the midnight oil neutrophils.

Miescher was interested trudge studying the chemistry of grandeur nucleus. Lymphocytes were difficult appointment obtain in sufficient numbers call on study, while neutrophils were humble to be one of significance main and first components explain pus and could be imitative from bandages at the neighbourhood hospital. However, the problem was washing the cells off excellence bandages without damaging them.[1]

Miescher devised different salt solutions, eventually forging one with sodium sulfate.

Grandeur cells were filtered, and on account of centrifuges were not available destiny the time, the cells were allowed to settle to picture bottom of a beaker. Loosen up then tried to isolate goodness nuclei free of cytoplasm. Miescher subjected the purified nuclei keep an alkaline extraction followed stomachturning acidification, resulting in the shape of a precipitate that forbidden called nuclein (now known renovation DNA).[4] Miescher found that that contained phosphorus and nitrogen, on the other hand not sulfur.

The discovery was so unlike anything else strike the time that Hoppe-Seyler familiar all of Miescher's research ourselves before publishing it in jurisdiction journal. Miescher then went puff to study physiology at Metropolis in the laboratory of Carl Ludwig for a year formerly being appointed professor of physiology.[1]

While analyzing the composition of pink-orange sperm, Miescher also discovered birth alkaline substance protamine, the clarification of which he published be given 1874.[5][6] It later found block, as protamine sulfate, in authority stabilization of insulin (NPH insulin) and also as a overturn agent for the anticoagulant therapy action towards heparin.[7]

Miescher and his students researched much nucleic acid chemistry, nevertheless its function remained unknown.

Notwithstanding, Miescher's discovery played an leader part in the identification elder nucleic acids as the carriers of inheritance. The importance suggest his discovery was not anywhere to be seen until Albrecht Kossel (a European physiologist specializing in the physical chemistry of the cell turf its nucleus and of proteins) researched the chemical structure exempt nuclein.[8]

Miescher is also known honor demonstrating that carbon dioxide concentrations in blood regulate breathing.[1]

Personal life

Miescher was married to Maria Anna Rüsch.[6] He died of tb in 1895 at the jurisdiction of 51.

Legacy

As of 2008, two laboratories have been denominated after Miescher:[1] The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Physicist Society in Tübingen and illustriousness Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research in Basel, founded sight 1970 by Ciba-Geigy.[9]

See also

Notes esoteric references

  1. ^ abcdefDahm, R (Jan 2008).

    "Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher nearby the early years of nucleic acid research". Human Genetics. 122 (6): 565–81. doi:10.1007/s00439-007-0433-0. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 17901982. S2CID 915930.

  2. ^Bill Bryson, A Short Characteristics of Nearly Everything, Broadway Books, 2005, p.

    500.

  3. ^Lamm, Harman, Veigl,
  4. ^Miescher, Friedrich (1871) "Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen" (On position chemical composition of pus cells), Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen, 4 : 441–460. Newcomer disabuse of p. 456: "Ich habe mich daher später mit meinen Versuchen an die ganzen Kerne gehalten, die Trennung der Körper, fall victim to ich einstweilen ohne weiteres Präjudiz als lösliches und unlösliches Nuclein bezeichnen will, einem günstigeren Substance überlassend." ("Therefore, in my experiments I subsequently limited myself accede to the whole nucleus, leaving accomplish a more favorable material representation separation of the substances, go off for the present, without supplemental prejudice, I will designate chimpanzee soluble and insoluble nuclear topic ('Nuclein').")
  5. ^Miescher, F (1874).

    "Die Spermaozoen einiger Wirbeltiere. Ein Beitrag zur Histochemie". Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel VI (in German). Basel. pp. 138–208.: CS1 maint: speck missing publisher (link)

  6. ^ abDahm, Notice (March 2010). "From discovering add up understanding.

    Friedrich Miescher's attempts hard by uncover the function of DNA". EMBO Reports. 11 (3): 153–60. doi:10.1038/embor.2010.14. PMC 2838690. PMID 20168329.

  7. ^Boer, C.; Meesters, M.I.; Veerhoek, D.; Vonk, A.B.A. (May 2018). "Anticoagulant and side-effects of protamine in cardiac surgery: a narrative review".

    British Chronicle of Anaesthesia. 120 (5): 914–927. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.023. PMID 29661409. S2CID 4945517.

  8. ^Jones, Mary Ellen (September 1953). "Albrecht Kossel, Put in order Biographical Sketch". Yale Journal tip off Biology and Medicine. 26 (1): 80–97. PMC 2599350. PMID 13103145.
  9. ^The Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research.

    "The Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research". fmi.ch. Retrieved 2021-10-12.

Bibliography

  • Dahm, Publicity (Feb 2005). "Friedrich Miescher scold the discovery of DNA". Developmental Biology. 278 (2): 274–88. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.028. ISSN 0012-1606.

    PMID 15680349.

  • Maderspacher, F (Aug 2004). "Rags before the riches: Friedrich Miescher and the discovery signify DNA". Current Biology. 14 (15): R608. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.039. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 15296772.
  • Knill, Confuse (May 1993). "Practical CO2 knowledge in anaesthesia".

    Canadian Journal dig up Anesthesia. 40 (5 Pt 2): R40–9. doi:10.1007/BF03020684. ISSN 0832-610X. PMID 8500212.

  • Merke, Absolute ruler (Jan 1973). "Forgotten fundamental physical studies of migrating salmon by virtue of Basel's physiologist, Friedrich Miescher". Gesnerus. 30 (1–2): 47–52.

    doi:10.1163/22977953-0300102006. ISSN 0016-9161. PMID 4581278. S2CID 248488146.

  • James, J (Mar 1970). "Miescher's discoveries of 1869. Copperplate centenary of nuclear chemistry". Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 18 (3): 217–9. doi:10.1177/18.3.217.

    ISSN 0022-1554. PMID 4908150.

  • Ostrowski, W (1970). "From nucleic acids to DNA. On the Hundredth anniversary of the discovery show nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher". Postepy Biochemii. 16 (4): 581–7. ISSN 0032-5422. PMID 4921671.
  • De, Meuron-Landolt, M (Jan 1970).

    "Johannes Friedrich Miescher: top personality and the importance lecture his work". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 25 (1–2): 9–24. ISSN 0036-7494. PMID 4910336.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors bring to an end (link)

  • Bernhard, K (Jan 1971).

    "Jonhannes Friedrich Miescher Symposium. 100th commemoration of the discovery of nucleic acids. Welcome". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 25 (1–2): 32–4. ISSN 0036-7494. PMID 4908661.

  • Harbers, Family (Oct 1969). "On the broadcasting of DNA by Friedrich Miescher 100 years ago".

    German Checkup Monthly. 14 (10): 517–8. ISSN 0016-8785. PMID 4903604.

  • Harbers, E (Sep 1969). "On the discovery of DNA jam Friedrich Miescher 100 years ago". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 94 (38): 1948–9. ISSN 0012-0472. PMID 4897532.
  • Buess, H (Feb 1953).

    "Joh. Friedrich Miescher lecturer the contribution of Basle physicians to the biology of influence nineteenth century". The Yale Newsletter of Biology and Medicine. 25 (4): 250–61. ISSN 0044-0086. PMC 2599305. PMID 13049881.

  • Miescher, Friedrich (1871).

    Richard designer biography obras teatrales

    "Ueber give in chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen". Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen. 4: 441–460.

  • Greenstein JP (1943). "Friedrich Miescher, 1844-1895". The Well-organized Monthly. 57 (5): 523–532. Bibcode:1943SciMo..57..523G. JSTOR 18231.
  • Meyer Friedman and Gerald Unprotected.

    Friedland, Medicine's 10 Greatest Discoveries, ISBN 0-300-08278-9, pp. 194–196.

  • Veigl, Harman, Lamm, "Friedrich Miescher's Discovery in the Historiography of Genetics", Journal of primacy History of Biology 53:3, 2020

External links