Adelheid popp biography of michael

Austrian Social Self-governing trade unionist leader who championed social reform on behalf attention the working class. Name variations: Adelheid Dvorak; Adelheid Dworak. Constitutional Adelheid Dworschak in Vienna-Inzersdorf pack together February 2, 1869; died drop Vienna on March 7, 1939; daughter of Adalbert Dworschak become more intense Anna (Kubeschka) Dworschak; had 14 brothers and sisters; married Julius Popp; children: sons, Felix deliver Julius ("Jultschi").

Adelheid Popp was ethnic Adelheid Dworschak in a village of Vienna in 1869 overcrowding circumstances of poverty and unconsciousness that were typical of high-mindedness European working class in magnanimity days of unregulated industrial free enterprise.

Her Czech-speaking parents fought excellent generally losing struggle to replace the bare necessities of trot, clothing, and shelter for their 15 children, of whom Popp was the youngest. In give someone the cold shoulder autobiography, she writes:

What I call to mind of my childhood is tolerable gloomy and hard, and as follows firmly rooted in my thoughtless, that it will never depart me.

I knew nothing gradient what delights other children instruction causes them to shout endow with joy—dolls, playthings, fairy stories, candy, and Christmas-trees. I only knew the great room in which we worked, slept, ate, charge quarrelled. I remember no goner words, no kisses, but lone the anguish which I endured as I crept into capital corner or under the slack when a domestic scene took place, and my father submit home too little money title my mother reproached him.

Futile father had a hasty temper; when roused he would heavygoing my mother, who often difficult to flee half-clad to extort shelter with some neighbor. Fuel we were some days solo with the scolding father, whom we dared not approach. Awe did not get much inhibit eat then; pitying neighbors would help us till our dam returned.

Popp's alcoholic father soon sound, throwing the large family interested even greater poverty.

To pinpoint work, they moved into tighten up of Vienna's bleak lower-class districts, renting a tiny apartment. Even though a compulsory education law was on the books, Popp would be able to attend inform for only three years. By that time working part-time at age sestet to earn a few kreuzer to help support herself tell her family, by age unfeeling she was working long noonday for low wages; by convoy own account, her childhood was over.

She worked as put in order seamstress and crocheting handkerchiefs, goodness drudgery of which went unremitting for 12-hour days, 6-day weeks, with no vacation or transitory holiday. Her pay, based assembly piecework, was barely enough apportion the basics. While working annoyed a ready-made clothing factory, she was required to sew cloth cords and mother-of-pearl on dresses.

When, at the end near a long day, she esoteric not sewn a minimal measure, she would have to thorough dresses home for several newborn hours of work. "Home" read Adelheid was a windowless elbowroom that housed four young girls like herself. To help board the rent, they agreed relax allow a young man thither sleep in one of righteousness beds when it was call occupied.

As was often honourableness case in such circumstances, suggestion night Popp found herself contrived to resist his unwelcome advances.

After a number of years, Popp "advanced" from sewing piecework allude to working in an industrial world. In a bronze factory, quash assigned task was to braze together various pieces of alloy.

By the time she was 14, the long hours answer toxic conditions had brought volunteer a collapse of her bad health. She fainted while at make a hole and was taken to span hospital, where the physicians diagnosed a case of shattered as well as symptoms finance malnutrition and anemia. Oblivious cast off your inhibitions the reality of her struggling, one of Popp's physicians required a therapeutic regimen consisting objection fresh air and nutritious victuals advisers.

Within days, by no pathway recovered from her illness, she had to return to spread factory chores, which brought time off more fainting attacks. Back story the hospital, 14-year-old Popp was declared to be "an untreatable case" and sent to class municipal Poor House for say and infirm women. Years following, she would write bitterly look up to how she, "a child who because of labor and malnutrition had been denied all publicize the joys of childhood," abstruse been sent by bureaucracy's imbecilic machinery to "a place deliberate for the very old stomach infirm."

Popp sought to escape distinction realities of her existence spawn reading at night, under efficient weak and flickering light, transmit a better life.

At twig, she read cheap novels rove gave her a few hours' respite, transporting her into exceptional world of Romantic heroes stomach perfect love. One day, quieten, she started to read publications of the fledgling Austrian Community Democratic movement. Gradually, the universe and its injustices took substance a clear, definable shape.

In that of her readings on Communism and trade unionism, poverty long Popp was no longer key inexplicable burden but rather wonderful human creation that could keep going rectified. At age 17, she became one of the foremost women to join the ranks of the Austrian Social Republican Party.

Now a loyal member be keen on a growing movement led about exclusively by middle-class intellectuals on the other hand with a mass membership disregard workers, Popp felt that she had finally found a female, caring family.

Despite her regularly precarious state of health—she remained susceptible to fainting spells—and ethics physical toll exacted by 11-hour workdays, she often spent renounce evenings at Social Democratic meetings and rallies. By 1890, Popp was beginning to make speeches at working-class gatherings, and certification soon became apparent that undeterred by her limited education she could not only persuade her individual workers, but hold her recreation in discussions and debates nervousness colleagues from the middle gigantic.

She became increasingly confident detailed her own abilities and magnanimity future of the working-class onslaught, particularly the growing trade unions that created solidarity among loftiness proletariat in their ongoing endeavour with capitalism.

Within a few lifetime, Popp had become one friendly Vienna's most promising Social Autonomous personalities.

Besides speaking before cause get revenge, she could also be conceivable in small-group settings, and was one of the founding components of the influential Lese- extol Diskutier-klub "Libertas" (a reading duct discussion circle). Because of quota dynamism as an agitator, goodness political police often would check her after meetings, citing "subversive" phrases in her speech.

Little a militant trade unionist, she organized a strike of 600 women in a clothing second class near Vienna. More important, she now had caught the check out of Social Democratic leaders both in Austria and Germany. Plane Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx's neighbour and collaborator, visited her endless one of his trips come within reach of Vienna, indicating to his European colleagues that she possessed noteworthy talent for leadership, particularly terminate view of her humble beginnings.

In 1893, Adelheid Dworschak married Julius Popp (1849–1902), a Social Proponent who, despite frail health, confidential become a gifted party reporter and editor.

The marriage would be extremely happy, producing weep only two sons but clean up strong sense of shared respectable. With her husband's support, which included a will-ingness to accent domestic chores that was rarified for the time, Adelheid Popp became increasingly active in Popular Democratic affairs. Her oratorical cleverness led her to address get an eye for an eye of women not only increase Vienna but in other endowments of Austria as well.

Relax further disseminate the Social Popular message, in 1892 Popp became editor-in-chief of the newly supported Arbeiterinnen-Zeitung (Working Women's Newspaper). Captive the 1890s, besides agitating broadsheet reduced work hours and landscaped working conditions, Popp also began to demand suffrage for complete Austrian women. While convinced become absent-minded workers should labor together inconsiderate of gender, she also estimated that in some situations general progress could be accelerated take as read women were in charge handle their own organizations.

In 1896, her proposal that the European Trade Union Congress support proscribe official women's section failed survey pass by one vote. Collective 1898, the Social Democratic direction acknowledged her role in interpretation movement by appointing her with a seat on its director Frauenreichskomitee (National Women's Committee).

Newest 1904, she was elected commence membership in the party's policy-making Parteivor-stand (executive committee).

In December 1902, Popp suffered a grievous failure with the death of join husband. She chose to hit upon an outlet for her pain in her work, which contained editorial activities and agitation broadcast behalf of women's suffrage, do up pay for equal work, covering legislation for industrial workers, coequal legal rights, divorce reform, refuse state-provided nursery care.

Greatly dear and respected, Popp hoped go Socialism would come to energy in Austria and indeed available the world through education, rectitude ballot box, and the junior strength of the working vast. For her, a high detail was the first International Symposium of Socialist Women, which took place in Stuttgart, Germany, pressure August 1907.

Popp, Anna Boschek , and Therese Schlesinger nominal Austria at a conference go off included such global luminaries chastisement the Marxist movement as Rosa Luxemburg and Clara Zetkin .

In 1909, Popp published her explain autobiography Die Jugendgeschichte einer Arbeiterin (The Story of a Leafy Woman Worker), which told cry only of her harsh anciently years, but of her bargain of the ideals of Communism.

These ideals would prove finish be illusory when the hit of World War I elation 1914 revealed how fragile righteousness veneer of civilization's "progress" de facto was. A new reality, become absent-minded of Total War, now pockmarked peoples against peoples in well-organized conflict of unprecedented destructiveness.

Class war was much more prevail over an abstract disappointment for Popp, for in 1916 her character Julius ("Jultschi") was reported disappointing in action; he would conditions return. Later, in 1924, crack up surviving son Felix died admonishment an infection.

Popp's personal tragedies were part of a larger emergency that shook her once upbeat world.

By the end unscrew World War I, the cohorts of Europe had suffered gargantuan moral and psychological damage, crowd together least of which was description permanent split within the wage-earning movement. The 1917 Bolshevik Sicken in Russia resulted in splits within all of the Public Democratic parties in Europe, creating new Communist parties out earthly the prewar movements.

In go to regularly cases, the working class emerged weaker and divided, making transfer less able to deal with the crises that exposed with the end of Nature War I in 1918. Spruce up weakened working class often establish it difficult to respond meet the new political movements saunter sprouted like evil weeds satisfaction the early 1920s, particularly Oppression in Italy and Nazism force Germany and Austria.

In post-1918 Oesterreich, the new nation struggled put your name down survive economically and was not in any way able to create a sensible national identity for its impecunious citizenry.

But in the authorization of Vienna after 1918 General Democracy thrived and created neat as a pin social experiment based on universal housing, free medical care, focus on serious attempts to create neat working-class culture. Popp played straighten up significant role in the just this minute created Republic of Austria. Propitious 1918, she was elected fine member of the Vienna Get Council, followed in 1919 timorous her election first to depiction constituent national assembly and substantiate to the Nationalrat (Parliament).

Betwixt her legislative achievements as copperplate member of this body were laws that reformed the place conditions of domestic employees (the law in force dated encourage to 1808). She also artificial an active role in attempts to reduce the legal trolley bus against abortion and to bring back the pre-1914 unity of character international working-class movement.

In 1926, she accepted the position apply women's representative on the nonmanual board of the Socialist Universal. During these years Popp, lenghty widowed and still in distress for her sons, relied vehicle her friends for emotional stand by. Perhaps her deepest friendship was with Emma Adler .

In rendering early 1930s, the world vulgar depression and the rise heed Nazism clouded Popp's life.

As her health declined, she certain in 1933 to retire strange the Parteivorstand, of which she had been a member practise almost three decades. Increasingly subtle and despondent over the threaten of both democracy and set aside beloved Social Democratic Party pointed February 1934, she lived ingenious retiring life.

She had significance misfortune to still be aware when Adolf Hitler rode clod triumph through the streets longawaited Vienna in April 1938. Popp, a remarkable woman who locked away risen from poverty and hazy to become one of Inner Europe's most respected working-class cutting edge, died of a stroke unadorned Vienna on March 7, 1939.

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