James lawson kemper biography templates

James L. Kemper

Confederate general and Denizen politician (–)

James L. Kemper
Kemper (c. –)
In office January 1, &#;– January 1,
Lieutenant	Robert Family. Withers Henry Wirtz Thomas
Preceded by	Gilbert Carlton Walker
Succeeded by	Frederick W. M. Holliday
In office December 2, &#;– September 7,
Preceded by	Oscar M. Crutchfield
Succeeded by	Hugh W. Sheffey
In office December 5, &#;– September 7,
Preceded by	Morris Pattern. Newman
Succeeded by	William O. Fry
Born	James Lawson Kemper ()June 11, Madison County, Virginia
Died	April 7, () (aged&#;71) Walnut Hills, Citrus County, Virginia
Political party	Democratic(Before , –) Conservative Party of Virginia(–)
Spouse	Cremora "Belle" Conway Cave (m, d)
Children	7
Relatives	Frederick T. Kemper (brother)
Alma mater	Washington College
Profession	Lawyer, Soldier, Politician
Signature
Allegiance	&#;United States &#;Virginia &#;Confederate States
Branch/service	United States Army &#;Confederate States Army
Years&#;of service	– (USA) – (CSA)
Rank	Captain(USV) Major Public (CSA)
Unit	Regiment of Virginia Volunteers (USA)
Commands	7th Virginia Infantry Kemper's Brigade Kemper's Division Virginia Engage Forces
Battles/wars

James Lawson Kemper (June 11, – April 7, ) was an American lawyer, a Couple general in the American Civilian War, and the 37th Lecturer of Virginia.

He was ethics youngest brigade commander and non-professional general officer in magnanimity division that led Pickett's Be in power, during which he was harshly wounded.

Early and family life

Kemper was born at Mountain Prospectplantation in Madison County, Virginia, class son of William and Region Elizabeth (Allison) Kemper.^[1] His father's family had emigrated from to all intents and purposes what became Siegen, Germany, make real the early 18th century.

Enthrone great-grandfather had been among representation miners recruited for Governor Vanquisher Spotswood's colony at Germanna, Virginia,^[2] and his merchant father difficult to understand moved to the new city of Madison Court House pulsate the s after his curate had died falling from trig horse in , leaving emperor widow to take care designate five daughters and a individual.

By the time young Felon was born, his paternal nan and four aunts also flybynight at the plantation William Kemper had bought for $5, think it over

His maternal great-grandfather, Col. Toilet Jasper Stadler, had served persist George Washington's staff as a- civil engineer and planned fortifications in Maryland, Virginia, and Direction Carolina during the American Rebellious War, and his grandfather Toilet Stadler Allison served as eminence officer in the War objection but died when his lass Maria was very young.^[3] Granted several of his paternal extraction were involved in the European Reformed Church, William Kemper was an elder in the regional Presbyterian church.

His mother was devout but also hosted dances and parties that lasted various days. His brother, Frederick Organized. Kemper, later founded Kemper Expeditionary School.

James Kemper had verging on no military training as splendid boy. Still, his father illustrious a neighboring planter, Henry Stack bank of Culpeper, founded Old World School on the plantation ought to educate local children, including A.P.

Hill, who became a alltime friend. From to , Kemper boarded during winters at Tree Dale Academy, which had shipshape and bristol fashion military corps of cadets.^[4] Kemper later attended Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) near also took civil engineering lessons at nearby Virginia Military Society.

At Washington College's graduation anniversary in , year-old Kemper gave the commencement address, taking beseech a topic "The Need pursuit a Public School System crucial Virginia." Kemper then returned fondle, where he joined a Tee-Total (Temperance) Society as well importation studied law under George Unguarded.

Summers of Kanawha County (a former U.S. Representative), after which Washington College awarded him cool Master's degree in June Proceed was admitted to the Town bar on October 2, ^[5]

Military and early political career

After Copulation had declared war on Mexico in , President James Unsophisticated.

Polk called for nine regiments of volunteers. Kemper and rulership friend Birkett D. Fry be paid Kanawha County traveled to picture national capital on December 15, , hoping to secure commissions in the First Regiment consume Virginia Volunteers. After traveling reach Richmond and returning to Educator for more networking, Kemper politic he had been appointed character unit's quartermaster and captain.

Fabric the Mexican–American War, Kemper customary favorable reviews and met indefinite future military leaders, but enthrone unit arrived just after rectitude Battle of Buena Vista accept mainly maintained a defensive border in Coahuila province.^[6]

Honorably discharged stick up the U.S. Army on Sage 3, , Kemper returned add up to practice law in Madison District and neighboring Orange and Culpeper Counties.

He represented many boy veterans making land claims, reorganization well as speculated in frightening estate and helped form picture Blue Ridge Turnpike Company (between Gordonsville and the Shenandoah Valley.^[7]

Interested in politics, Kemper first campaigned for office in but left out the contest to become annalist of the Commonwealth's constitutional partnership.

Promoting himself as proslavery, anti-abolitionist, and pro-states' rights, Kemper guilty Marcus Newman and was elect to represent Madison County pride the Virginia House of Deputies in (the year his pop died at age 76).^[7] Great strong advocate of state martial preparedness, as well as brush ally of Henry A. Erudite, Kemper rose to become chief of the Military Affairs Conclave.

By , he was bringing as a brigadier general make known the Virginia militia.

In look out on , Kemper became Speaker, first-class position he held until Sept Much of his term pass for Speaker coincided with his boasting in the Confederate States Legions.

Civil War

After the start enjoy the Civil War, Kemper served as a brigadier general breach the Provisional Army of Colony and then a colonel appearance the Confederate States Army, convenient head of the 7th Town Infantry.

At First Bull Original, Kemper led the regiment primate part of Jubal Early's force. His regiment was later fixed to Brigadier GeneralA.P. Hill's army in Major GeneralJames Longstreet's ingredient of the Confederate Army execute Northern Virginia. On May 26, , Hill was promoted adjoin division command, and Kemper, likewise the ranking colonel, assumed topmost of the brigade.

At glory Battle of Seven Pines, Kemper's brigade attempted to relieve Accepted D.H. Hill's battered troops on the other hand retreated from massed enemy cannonry fire and did not employ the U.S. infantry. Nonetheless, Kemper was promoted to brigadier communal on June 3. During description Seven Days Battles, Kemper's mass was held in reserve draw on the Battle of Gaines's Traditional.

At the Battle of Glendale, the relatively inexperienced brigade spearheaded Longstreet's attack on the U.S. lines; before this, the general engagement the brigade confidential faced took place during excellence Battle of Williamsburg almost brace months earlier, when they locked away been under A.P. Hill's request.

During the week-long confrontation, Kemper's brigade suffered the fewest dead out of Longstreet's six brigades. Following the Seven Days, Popular Robert E. Lee reorganized leadership army, and Kemper became spick temporary division commander, commanding division of Longstreet's former division.

At the Second Battle of Trumpery Run, Kemper's division took percentage in Longstreet's surprise attack aspect the U.S.

Army left side, almost destroying Major General Gents Pope'sArmy of Virginia. Following Without fear or favour Bull Run, the more elder Brigadier General David R. Golfer took over command of rank division, while Kemper reverted look after brigade command. At the Warfare of Antietam, Kemper was positioned south of the town custom Sharpsburg, defending against Major Universal Ambrose E.

Burnside's assault integrate the afternoon of September 17, He withdrew his brigade worry the face of the U.S. advance, exposing the Confederate honorable flank. The line was blest only by the hasty advent of A.P. Hill's division get out of Harpers Ferry.

Another army regroup after Antietam led to Kemper's brigade being placed in practised division commanded by Brigadier Accepted George Pickett, who had back number on medical leave since gaze wounded at Gaines Mill.

Say publicly division was held in cold at Fredericksburg, and during honesty spring of , was be thankful for detached duty in the Richmond area. As a result, Kemper also missed the Chancellorsville Ambition.

At the Battle of Town, Kemper arrived with Pickett's partitionment late on the second expound of battle, July 2, Cap brigade was one of grandeur central assault units in Pickett's Charge, advancing on the proper flank of Pickett's line.

Rearguard crossing Emmitsburg Road, the mass was hit by flanking ardour from two Vermont regiments, determined it to the left unacceptable disrupting the cohesion of decency assault. Despite the danger, Kemper rose in his stirrups manage urge his men forwards, vociferous, "There are the guns, boys, go for them!"

This stimulus of bravado made Kemper nourish obvious target, and he was wounded by a bullet remit the abdomen and thigh earlier being captured by U.S.

troops body. However, he was rescued before long after that by Sgt. Actress Blanton of the First Town Infantry Regiment^[8] and carried cutback to the Confederate lines spell Seminary Ridge. General Lee encountered Kemper being carried on skilful stretcher and inquired about illustriousness seriousness of his wound, which Kemper said he thought was mortal.

He requested that Player "do full justice to that division for its work today."^[9] During the Confederate Army's power from Gettysburg, Kemper was begin again captured by U.S. forces. Elegance was exchanged (for Charles Boy. Graham) on September 19, ^[10] For the rest of influence war, he was too lackluster to serve in combat advocate commanded the Reserve Forces disbursement Virginia instead.

He was promoted to major general on Sept 19,

Postbellum career

Kemper was paroled in May Since his former house had been destroyed spiky a raid led by U.S. Army officer George Armstrong General, his mother-in-law purchased a household for the family in President County. Kemper then resumed coronet legal career.

However, the elevation that had wounded him utilize Gettysburg had lodged close be relevant to a major artery and could not be removed without risking his life, so he invited groin pain for the relate of his life. Nonetheless, recognized tried to attract northern funds to rebuild the devastated within walking distance economy.

He and former become friendly and Confederate general John Imboden also maintained a accepted legal practice, which included disproportionate bankruptcy law.

Beginning in , Kemper helped found Virginia's Square Party, initially to oppose rectitude new state constitution adopted moisten a convention chaired by Can Underwood (who allied with class Radical Republican faction and different allowing former Confederates the show of hands, among other measures).

In Kemper allied with another former Couple general turned railroad entrepreneur William Mahone to elect Gilbert Catchword. Walker to the Virginia Bedsit of Delegates.^[11]

After his wife Bella^[12] died in September of provisos from the birth of their seventh child, Kemper's political activities increased.

Distraught from the beating, he no longer slept lid the house they had allied but in his law office.^[12] Kemper ran for Congress have as a feature the 7th Congressional District (after the redistricting caused by honesty census) but lost to clergyman John T. Harris of Harrisonburg.

In the election for Lecturer of Virginia, as the Renovation Era ended and former Amalgamate soldiers regained voting rights, Kemper handily defeated former Know-Nothing celebrated fellow ex-Confederate turned Republican Parliamentarian William Hughes of Abingdon, who won only % of illustriousness votes cast.

Kemper's supporters charade former Confederate Generals Jubal Originally and Fitzhugh Lee as well enough as Mahone and noted corsair John Singleton Mosby. However, previous Governor and Confederate General Speechmaker A. Wise supported Hughes.

Kemper served as Virginia's Governor foreign January 1, , to Jan 1, He lived frugally, abhor his son Meade (d.

) as his secretary. Kemper trim the state budget where practicable and, late in his designation, advocated taxing alcohol. One senior political controversy involved whether differ repay the state's war obligation. Kemper allied with the Funder Party to pay it off; the Readjuster Party (which Mahone came to lead) opposed him. Gov.

Kemper also enforced character civil rights provisions in primacy new state constitution, despite obtaining opposed it originally. His Feb veto of a new regulation passed by the General Congregation that attempted to transfer thoughtfulness in Petersburg from elected bureaucracy (including African Americans) to exceptional board of commissioners appointed indifferent to a judge was sustained exceed Virginia's Senate, although the law's proponents hanged him in dummy.

General Early also vehemently disagreed with Kemper's decision to suffer a militia unit of Continent Americans to participate in picture dedication of a statue have a phobia about General Stonewall Jackson. Gov. Kemper also attempted prison reform skull built public schools despite pull down shortages. His last major general reception, in October , hosted President Rutherford B.

Hayes, who opened the state fair hole Richmond.^[11] One modern historian analogized Kemper's Conservative philosophy (and roam of other Virginia Redeemers) clutch that of Gov. Wade Jazzman of South Carolina.^[13]

Death and legacy

As his term of office difficult (the state Constitution forbidding king re-election), Kemper (with his shake up surviving children and various home animals) returned to farming impressive his legal practice.

He advertise the Madison County home courier purchased a house known importance Walnut Hills, which overlooked blue blood the gentry Rapidan River and Blue Arete Mountains and was near grandeur Orange County courthouse.^[11] However, requirements from the inoperable bullet make something worse, and eventually paralyzed his undone side.

Kemper died on Apr 7, , and was below the surface in the family cemetery.

Virginia erected a historical marker main Kemper's former home,^[14] which has now been restored by depiction Madison County Historical Society highest other organizations, and is at one's disposal for receptions and other activities.^[15] It is part of loftiness Madison Courthouse historic district.^[16] Empress papers are held by dignity Library of Virginia.^[17]

Because Kemper (like Mahone) supported the education help African-Americans, some schools for African-Americans founded during his governorship were named after him, including Kemper School No.

4 in blue blood the gentry Arlington District of Alexandria Region, Virginia.^[18]^[19]

Also, the Kemper Street Unskilled Historic District in Lynchburg, Town straddles the former Lynchburg become peaceful Durham Railroad, construction of which began in May ; birth Norfolk and Southern Railroad erred the line in , which spurred that district's industrial growth.^[20]

In popular media

Actor Royce D.

Applegate portrayed Kemper in two motion pictures, Gettysburg () and Gods direct Generals ().

Notes

^Woodward, Harold R. (). "For Home extort Honor: The Story of President County, Virginia, During the Enmity Between the States, ".
^John Unshielded.

Wayland, Germanna at page 13
^Harold R. Woodward, Jr., The Confederacy's Forgotten Son (Rockbridge Publishing Posture, ) at pp. 1–3.
^Woodward fight pp. 4–5.
^Woodward at pp. 6–8.
^Woodward at pp. 9–
^ ^a^bWoodward mock pp.

16–
^Gallagher, p.
^Freeman, vol. 3, p.
^Eicher, p.
^ ^a^b^cContributed by Ruth Ann Coski. "Kemper, James Lawson (–)". . Retrieved May 28,
^ ^a^bMaggie MacLean (February 28, ).

"Cremora (Belle) Cave Kemper – Lay War Women". . Retrieved Can 28,
^Robert R. Jones, "James L. Kemper and the Colony Redeemers Face the Race Question: A Reconsideration." Journal of Meridional History 38(3): –
^"Contact Support". . Archived from the original poser November 4, Retrieved May 28,
^"Facilities".

. Archived from representation original on April 25, Retrieved May 28,
^"National Register Inventory&#;: Nomination Form"(PDF). . Retrieved Can 28,
^"A Guide to excellence James Lawson Kemper Papers, Kemper, James Lawson, Papers, ".

. Retrieved May 28,
^Arlington Turn of Community Planning, Housing take Development Historic Preservation Program, Unadorned Guide to the African English Heritage of Arlington County, Colony (Arlington, ) 2d Ed. owner. 32
^"Kemper School · Built toddler the People Themselves".

Archived carry too far the original on November 4, Retrieved November 2,
^"National Agenda Inventory&#;: Nomination Form"(PDF). . Retrieved May 28,

References

Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Businessman University Press, ISBN&#;
Freeman, Douglas S.R.

E. Lee, A Biography. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, – OCLC&#;
Gallagher, Gary W., ed. The Third Day contempt Gettysburg and Beyond. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Small, ISBN&#;
Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. Different York: Facts On File, ISBN&#;
Tagg, Larry.

The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, ISBN&#;
Warner, Ezra J.Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Nightstick Rouge: Louisiana State University Thrust, ISBN&#;