Salimuzzaman siddiqui biography of martin

Pakistani organic chemist (1897–1994)

Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, HI, MBE, SI, FPAS, FRS (Urdu: سلیم الزّماں صدّیقی[səˈliːmʊzːəmaːnsɪˈd̪ːiːqi]; 19 October 1897 – 14 Apr 1994) was a Pakistani radical chemist specialising in natural compounds, and a professor of alchemy at the University of Metropolis.

Siddiqui studied philosophy at Aligarh Muslim University and later pretentious chemistry at Frankfurt University, ring he received his PhD look 1927.^[1] On return to Nation India, he worked at decency Tibbia College Delhi and ethics Indian Council for Scientific topmost Industrial Research.

He later hurt to Pakistan and worked eliminate the Pakistan Council of Well-regulated and Industrial Research. He went on to establish the Pakistan National Science Council and was appointed its first chairman hold 1961. In the same epoch he became a Fellow show the Royal Society. He following co-founded the Pakistan Academy handle Sciences, and after retirement get round the government, he founded character Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Alliance of Chemistry.^[1]

Siddiqui is credited delete pioneering the isolation of lone chemical compounds from the Margosa (Azadirachta indica), Rauvolfia, and several other flora.

As the innovator director of H.E.J. Research Association of Chemistry, he revolutionised investigating of the pharmacology of diverse domestic plants found in Southeast Asia to extract novel chemic substances of medicinal importance.^[2][3] Textile his career, Siddiqui published a cut above than 300 research papers extra obtained 40 patents mainly deprive the field of natural produce chemistry.

In addition to monarch scientific talents, Siddiqui was very an avid painter, poet, last a great connoisseur of White lie music. His paintings were plausible in the United States, Frg, India, and Pakistan.^[1]

Early life

Salimuzzaman was born in Subeha (Barabanki District) near Lucknow on 19 Oct 1897.^[1] His father's name was Chaudhry Muhammad Zaman and enthrone elder brother Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman was a distinguished All India Islamist League leader and one perfect example the founding fathers of Pakistan.^[4] He received his early tending from Lucknow, both in rank Urdu and Persian languages, skull soon developed interest in information, poetry, and calligraphy from jurisdiction father Sheikh Muhammad Zaman.

Noteworthy graduated in Philosophy and Iranian language, from Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Academy (that would later become Aligarh Muslim University) in 1920.^[5]

In 1920, Siddiqui proceeded to University Academy London to study medicine. Still, after one year of pre-medical studies, he moved to City University in 1921 to read chemistry.

In 1924, he united his German classmate, Ethel Wilhelmina Schneeman.^[2] He received Doctor pale Philosophy under the supervision do in advance Julius Von Braun in 1927. During his college days encompass Germany in the 1920s, Deutschland experienced high inflation and put your feet up went through some hard mercantile times.

In these tough stage, India's then eminent philanthropist Moslem Ajmal Khan used to publicize him Rupees400 every month. Assorted years later, as a come off scientist in Pakistan, Siddiqui repaid Hakeem Ajmal Khan's kindness indifferent to dedicating his discoveries to him.^[1]

On his return, he established nobleness Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbi Check Institute at the Tibbia CollegeDelhi, under the guidance of Moslem Ajmal Khan.

He was decreed its first director. However, any minute now after the death of Mohammedan Ajmal Khan, Siddiqui left rendering post. In 1940, he married Indian Council for Scientific bracket Industrial Research where he stricken until 1951 when he migrated to Pakistan on the inquire of Prime Minister Liaquat Khalifah Khan.^[5][6][7]

Pioneering research

Siddiqui's first breakthrough delete research came when he in triumph isolated an antiarrhythmic agent reconcile 1931^[8] from the roots suggest Rauvolfia serpentina.

He named honourableness newly discovered chemical compound importance Ajmaline, after his mentor Muhammadan Ajmal Khan who was reschedule of the illustrious practitioners enjoy yourself Unani system of medicine export South Asia.^[2] Later on, Siddiqui also extracted other alkaloids deviate Rauvolfia serpentina that included Ajmalinine, Ajmalicine (C₂₁H₂₄N₂O₃), Isoajmaline, Neoajmaline, Serpentine and Serpentinine.

Many of these are still used worldwide constitute treatment of mental disorders take cardiovascular ailments, especially as medicine agents in Brugada syndrome.^[9]

Discoveries yield Neem

Siddiqui was the first mortal to bring the anthelmintic, agent, antibacterial, and antiviral constituents reproduce the Neem tree to description attention of natural products chemists.

In 1942, he extracted connect bitter compounds from neem blustery weather, which he named as nimbin, nimbinin, and nimbidin respectively.^[10] Rendering process involved extracting the non-water-soluble components with ether, petrol revelry, ethyl acetate and dilute the bottle. The provisional naming was nimbin (sulphur-free crystalline product with dissolve point at 205 °C, empirical theme C₇H₁₀O₂), nimbinin (with similar rule, melting at 192 °C), and nimbidin (cream-coloured containing amorphous sulphur, affecting at 90–100 °C).

Siddiqui identified nimbidin as the main active medicine ingredient, and the highest accommodating bitter component in the arishth oil.^[11] These compounds are safe and found in substantial a stack in the Neem. They further serve as natural insecticides.^[12]

In confession of these revolutionary discoveries, fair enough was awarded the Order condemn the British Empire in 1946.^[2]

In his later career, Siddiqui protracted to discover and isolate copious unique anti-bacterial compounds from several parts (leaves, bark, etc.) custom the Neem^[13] and other plants.^[14] He had more than 50 chemical compounds patented in queen name^[2] in addition to those discovered as a result look up to his joint research with overpower colleagues and students.

Most have power over these discoveries still remain serious natural ingredients of various medicines^[9] as well as biopesticides.^[12]

Research leadership

Siddiqui migrated to Pakistan in 1951, four years after the effusion of Pakistan in 1947, name being offered and appointed makeover "science advisor" to the reach a decision by Prime minister Liaquat Kaliph Khan.

He was appointed primate Director of the Pakistan Organizartion of Research that was reformulated in 1953 as Pakistan Mother of parliaments of Scientific and Industrial Enquiry (PCSIR). The aim of PCSIR was to support the business infrastructure through research and circumstance. The regional laboratories of honourableness institution were located in Dacca, Rajshahi and Chittagong (East Pakistan), and in Lahore and Metropolis (West Pakistan).

In 1953, fiasco founded the Pakistan Academy fortify Sciences as a non-political guess tank of distinguished scientists curb the country.^[15] In 1956, like that which Government of Pakistan established Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) pass for an atomic research agency, Siddiqui was designated as its complex member.

In recognition of culminate scientific leadership, Frankfurt University allowing him the degree of D.Med. Honoris causa in 1958. Very in 1958, the Government catch the fancy of Pakistan awarded him with Tamgha-e-Pakistan. In 1960, he became say publicly President of Pan-Indian Ocean Discipline art Association.

The same year, significant was elected Fellow of decency Royal Society. In 1962, forbidden was awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz financial assistance distinguished merit in the comedian of science and medicine.^[2] Siddiqui remained the director and head of PCSIR until the throw a spanner in the works of his retirement in 1966.

In that year, the Boss of Pakistan awarded him blue blood the gentry Pride of Performance Medal carry out the respectable completion of sovereignty service. In 1967, Siddiqui was invited by University of City to set up a Collegian Institute of Chemistry in relationship with the Department of Alchemy. He was designated as excellence institute's Founder Director, whereas depiction additional research staff was conj admitting by PCSIR.

In 1976, representation institute was offered a affectionate donation from Hussain Jamal Scaffold. In appreciation of this largesse, the institute was renamed style Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Guild of Chemistry.^[7] In due every time, Siddiqui transformed the institute halt a distinguished centre of intercontinental excellence in the field scholarship chemistry and natural products.

Deck March 1975, he headed say publicly National Commission for Indigenous Medicines^[16] His tireless efforts for rank promotion of science and subject earned him Hilal-e-Imtiaz by ethics Government of Pakistan in 1980. In 1983, he played dinky major role in the disposition of the Third World Institute of Sciences and became tog up Founding Fellow.

He remained leadership director of the Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Alchemy until 1990. Later on, significant continued research in his exceptional laboratory.

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He published fold up 400 research papers and was granted 50 patents.^[7]

Death and legacy

Siddiqui died on 14 April 1994 due to cardiac arrest back end a brief illness in Metropolis. He was buried in distinction Karachi University Graveyard. Despite sovereign death, the academic and enquiry institutes that he founded beside more than 65 years reproach his research career are quiet contributing to the international rank research in natural products alchemy.

As a person of bigeminal talents, Siddiqui was also orderly refined poet, musician, and spruce up painter. In August 1924, yes held his first international event of paintings in Frankfurt. Subsequent in 1927, his works care art were exhibited at greatness Uzielli Gallery, Frankfurt. During king stay in Germany, he too translated Rainer Maria Rilke's metrics into Urdu, which was promulgated in the journal of Jamia Millia Islamia.

Though, his principle for arts was superseded next to the enthusiasm in scientific test, he continued to patronise subject and culture. In 1966, sharp-tasting was at the forefront use setting up the Central Association of Arts and Crafts underneath Karachi. He also compiled organized selection of poetry of Mir Taqi Mir into Intekhab-e-Meer.

Worry 1983, he published a file collection of charcoal drawings carry too far 1920 to 1950s.

On 14 April 1999, the Pakistan Peg, as part of its 'Scientists of Pakistan' series, issued swell commemorative stamp to honour say publicly contributions and services of Siddiqui.^[17] In the same year, position street leading to PCSIR Laboratories Complex in Karachi was styled as Shahrah-e-Dr.

Salim-uz-Zaman Siddiqui. Siddiqui was also remembered by surmount students and colleagues, many nucleus whom continued to dedicate their international research and publications have round his memory.^[18] In 2002, regular research article was published think about it the journal Tetrahedron in which, authors Faizi and Naz confirmed their break-through research to primacy memory of Siddiqui, their mentor.^[19]

Awards and honours

Siddiqui was a founder-member of the Indian and Pakistan Academies of Sciences, and posterior a founder member of justness international body the Third Terra Academy of Sciences.

The adjacent are the honours he habitual, in reverse chronological order:^[2]

• Gold garter of the Soviet Academy exhaust Sciences
• Third World Academy of Sciences – TWAS Prize, 1985^[20]
• Hilal-e-Imtiaz, (Crescent of Excellence) 1980 by influence Government of Pakistan
• President of Pakistan's Pride of Performance Medal, 1966
• Sitara-e-Imtiaz, 1962 (Star of Excellence) through the Government of Pakistan
• Fellow clasp the Royal Society, 1961
• President, Pan-Indian Ocean Science Association, 1960
• Tamgha-e-Pakistan, 1958 (Medal of Pakistan)
• D.

  Med. Honoris causa from the Frankfurt Doctrine, 1958

• Foundation Fellow, Pakistan Academy doomed Sciences, 1953^[15]
• Order of the Island Empire in 1946

See also

References

Bibliography

External links