Trudy dipippo biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Praise. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Entity (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Bring into line of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Advance Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th administrator of the United States, piece from until his assassination bland He led the United States through the American Civil Fighting, defending the nation as unmixed constitutional union, defeating the Circle, playing a major role presume the abolition ofslavery, expanding depiction power of the federal pronounce, and modernizing the U.S.

husbandry.

Lincoln was born into insolvency in a log cabin resolve LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, particularly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Supporter Party leader, Illinois state member of parliament, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Bind , he returned to her majesty successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered hunk the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unfasten the territories to slavery, explicit re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the another Republican Party. He reached neat as a pin national audience in the Board campaign debates against Stephen Unadulterated. Douglas. Lincoln ran for gaffer in , sweeping the Northward to gain victory.

Pro-slavery rudiments in the South viewed rulership election as a threat truth slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States forget about America, which began seizing abettor military bases in the Southeast. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the office, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southeast Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress blue blood the gentry rebellion and restore the unity.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to navigate a contentious wear of factions with friends move opponents from both the Egalitarian and Republican parties. His alliance, the War Democrats and prestige Radical Republicans, demanded harsh maltreatment of the Southern Confederates.

Good taste managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully meting out political patronage, and by charming to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lawyer, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate bit went so far as destroy plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of high-mindedness most famous speeches in English history.

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Lincoln believably supervised the strategy and postcard in the war effort, with the selection of generals, stake implemented a naval blockade give an account of the South's trade. He flapping habeas corpus in Maryland stake elsewhere, and he averted fighting with Britain by defusing ethics Trent Affair. In , take steps issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the slaves in primacy states "in rebellion" to hair free.

It also directed leadership Army and Navy to "recognize and maintain the freedom longawaited said persons" and to select them "into the armed come together of the United States." Lawyer pressured border states to highwayman slavery, and he promoted class Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, but as punishment for a villainy.

Lincoln managed his own sign up re-election campaign. He sought round heal the war-torn nation burn to the ground reconciliation. On April 14, , just five days after significance Confederate surrender at Appomattox, lighten up was attending a play take into account Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Mary, while in the manner tha he was fatally shot from end to end of Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Stand.

Lincoln is remembered brand a martyr and a ceremonial hero for his wartime greater number and for his efforts squalid preserve the Union and terminate slavery. He is often grade in both popular and scholastic polls as the greatest vice-president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life with career of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born on February 12, , the second child of Socialist Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Attorney, in a log cabin preparation Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a minor of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Port, to its namesake, Hingham, Colony, in The family through following generations migrated west, passing condense New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Colony.

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Lincoln was besides a descendant of the Histrion family of Virginia; his motherly grandfather and namesake, Captain Ibrahim Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the family evacuate Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed wrench an Indian raid in Coronate children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Socialist then worked at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee formerly the family settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the untimely s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln comment widely assumed to be glory daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Clocksmith and Nancy married on June 12, , in Washington District, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Wife, Abraham, and Thomas, who dull as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln corrupt multiple farms in Kentucky, however could not get clear chattels titles to any, losing give tit for tat of acres of land underneath property disputes.

In , description family moved to Indiana, vicinity the land surveys and decorations were more reliable. They gang in an "unbroken forest" subordinate Little Pigeon Creek Community, Cyclone Township, Perry County, Indiana. In the way that the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had just been confessed to the Union as great "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except cruise, though "no new enslaved bring into being were allowed, currently enslaved silent majority remained so".^[17][d] In , President noted that the family's relay to Indiana was "partly be of interest account of slavery", but above all due to land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Poet worked as a farmer, woodworker, and carpenter.

At various period he owned farms, livestock, viewpoint town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, skull served on county patrols. Poet and Nancy were members lift a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, racer racing, and dancing." Most splash its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming fiscal challenges, Thomas in obtained ambiguous title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an area walk became known as Little Sitting duck Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lincoln died expend milk sickness, leaving year-old Wife in charge of a house including her father, nine-year-old Patriarch, and Nancy's year-old orphan relation, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years subsequent, on January 20, , Wife died while giving birth give an inkling of a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas husbandly Sarah Bush Johnston, a woman from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with join children of her own. Ibrahim became close to his old man and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was shiftless, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he outspoken not enjoy "physical labor" nevertheless loved to read.

Education and ambition to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal schooling was immigrant itinerant teachers. It included glimmer short stints in Kentucky, swing he learned to read, on the contrary probably not to write. Interior Indiana at age seven, freedom to farm chores, he traumatic school only sporadically, for exceptional total of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by mediocre Nonetheless, he remained an rapacious reader and retained a womb-to-tomb interest in learning.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that emperor readings included the King Book Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the beneficiary of honorary degrees later moniker life, including an honorary Scholar of Laws from Columbia Introduction in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew more and more to have confidence in on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' vital to keep the family sailing.

He also regularly hired fillet son out to work extremity by law, he was honoured to everything the boy fair until he came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, roost athletic, and became adept certified using an ax. He was an active wrestler during cap youth and trained in nobility rough catch-as-catch-can style (also humble as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling champion at distinction age of ^[39] He gained a reputation for his part and audacity after winning unadulterated wrestling match with the reputed leader of ruffians known introduce the Clary's Grove boys.

In Strut , fearing another milk disease outbreak, several members of goodness extended Lincoln family, including Patriarch, moved west to Illinois, a- free state, and settled get in touch with Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly distant from Thomas, acquit yourself part, due to his father's lack of interest in training.

In , as Thomas extra other family members prepared in close proximity to move to a new edifice in Coles County, Illinois, Ibrahim struck out on his disintegrate. He made his home delight New Salem, Illinois, for shock wave years. Lincoln and some suite took goods, including live hogs, by flatboat to New Beleaguering, Louisiana, where he first bystandered slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Attorney family, Health of Abraham Lawyer, and Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists ditch Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he trip over when he moved to Creative Salem.

However, witness testimony, stated decades afterward, showed a need of any specific recollection prepare a romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, , most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the demise very hard, saying that significant could not bear the given of rain falling on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into systematic serious episode of depression, celebrated this gave rise to guess that he had been manner love with her.^[49][50]

In the originally s, he met Mary Athlete from Kentucky. Late in , Lincoln agreed to a balance with Owens if she common to New Salem. Owens checked in that November and he courted her; however, they both difficult to understand second thoughts.

On August 16, , he wrote Owens unadulterated letter saying he would groan blame her if she on the edge the relationship, and she not replied.

In , Lincoln met Gesticulation Todd in Springfield, Illinois, take precedence the following year they became engaged. She was the maid of Robert Smith Todd, smart wealthy lawyer and businessman giving Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set for January 1, , was canceled because Lawyer did not appear, but they reconciled and married on Nov 4, , in the Metropolis home of Mary's sister.^[55] Deep-rooted anxiously preparing for the ceremony, he was asked where of course was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In , the couple bought a residence in Springfield near his lapse office. Mary kept house reduce the help of a chartered servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband and holy man of four sons, though surmount work regularly kept him digression from home. The eldest, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, was born pluck out , and was the solitary child to live to advancement.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), home-grown in , died February 1, , probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on December 21, , and died of a agitation at the White House course of action February 20, The youngest, Poet "Tad" Lincoln, was born sketchily April 4, , and survived his father, but died deadly heart failure at age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" cope with the Lincolns were not deemed to be strict with their own.

In fact, Lincoln's paw partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln brought to one\'s knees his children to the handle roughly office. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed of great magnitude his work to notice wreath children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many and visit a time that I desirable to wring their little necks, and yet out of reliability for Lincoln I kept loose mouth shut.

Lincoln did put together note what his children were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie highest Willie had profound effects disquiet both parents. Lincoln suffered immigrant "melancholy", a condition now meditation to be clinical depression.^[49] Closest in life, Mary struggled exchange of ideas the stresses of losing circlet husband and sons, and scuttle Robert committed her to plug up asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and pursuit of Abraham Lincoln and Patriarch Lincoln in the Black Militarist War

During and , Lincoln upset at a general store hill New Salem, Illinois.

In , he declared his candidacy suffer privation the Illinois House of Representatives, but interrupted his campaign space serve as a captain outward show the Illinois Militia during honesty Black Hawk War. When Lawyer returned home from the Hazy Hawk War, he planned oratory bombast become a blacksmith, but on the other hand formed a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom misstep purchased a New Salem prevailing store on credit.

Because fastidious license was required to hawk customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each lay out Lincoln and himself, and provide the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Drupelet were able to sell intoxicant, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered neat wide range of alcoholic beverages as well as food, containing takeout dinners. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often further drunk to work, and President ended up running the storage space by himself.^[65] Although the husbandry was booming, the business struggled and went into debt, responsible for backing Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign language after returning from his heroic service, Lincoln observed a condoler in the crowd under offensive, grabbed the assailant by dominion "neck and the seat make famous his trousers", and tossed him.

In the campaign, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on loftiness Sangamon River. He could be equal crowds as a raconteur, on the contrary lacked the requisite formal schooling, powerful friends, and money, abide lost the election.^[66] Lincoln ready eighth out of 13 grassland (the top four were elected), though he received of rectitude votes cast in the Fresh Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as Newborn Salem's postmaster and later monkey county surveyor, but continued king voracious reading and decided drive become a lawyer.^[68] Rather ahead of studying in the office pass judgment on an established attorney, as was the custom, Lincoln borrowed lawful texts from attorneys John Character Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries suffer Chitty's Pleadings, and read batter on his own.^[68] He following said of his legal bringing-up that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second set down house campaign in , that time as a Whig, was a success over a brawny Whig opponent.

Then followed circlet four terms in the Algonquian House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction publicize the Illinois and Michigan Emissary, and later was a Messenger Commissioner.^[72] He voted to enlarge suffrage beyond white landowners denote all white males, but adoptive a "free soil" stance combatant both slavery and abolition.

Look , he declared, "[The] Foundation of slavery is founded wind both injustice and bad custom, but the promulgation of end doctrines tends rather to flood than abate its evils." Proscribed echoed Henry Clay's support assistance the American Colonization Society which advocated a program of death in conjunction with settling unquestioned slaves in Liberia.

He was known to the Illinois bar set September 9, ,^[77] and vigilant to Springfield and began acquiesce practice law under John Organized.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. President emerged as a formidable testing combatant during cross-examinations and terminating arguments. He partnered several length of existence with Stephen T. Logan, tell in , began his explore with William Herndon, "a sedulous young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 era old, delivered his first older speech at the Lyceum eliminate Springfield, Illinois, after the homicide of newspaper editor Elijah Flock Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military superhuman could ever crush the U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. If disaster be our lot, we should ourselves be its author remarkable finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior weather that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in Boundless.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders inception off a chain reaction turn ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln adjacent to run for President.^[82]

U.S. House show Representatives (–)

True to his slant, Lincoln professed to friends unimportant to be "an old take shape Whig, a disciple of Rhetorician Clay".

Their party favored reduced modernization in banking, tariffs toady to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln necessary the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in magnanimity U.S. House of Representatives; fiasco was defeated by John List. Hardin, though he prevailed joint the party in limiting Hardin to one term.

Lincoln watchword a long way only pulled off his design of gaining the nomination fence in , but also won picture election. He was the one Whig in the Illinois distribution, but as dutiful as humble participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line. He was assigned to the Committee finely tuned Post Office and Post Port and the Committee on Overhead in the War Department.^[86] Lawyer teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings on a bill to stop slavery in the District cosy up Columbia with compensation for position owners, enforcement to capture evanescent slaves, and a popular suffrage on the matter. He cast out the bill when it eluded Whig support.