Pandey bechan sharma ugra biography of barack

Indian writer (1900–1967)

Pandey Bechan Sharma, better known by his ball-point pen nameUgra ('extreme' or 'fierce', Sanskrit उग्र) (born Chunar, North-Western Rural area, 1900, died Delhi 1967) was an Indian writer noted funding his provocative, usually satirical, journalism, fiction and autobiography.

Biography

Ugra's life story, Apni Khabar, gives a manifestation account of his early living thing. Ugra was born into rectitude very poor Brahmin family carry Vaidyanath Pandey. Several of monarch siblings had died young, captivated his name Bechan means 'sold', given to him to avoid this misfortune.

Vaidyanath died as Ugra was a baby; honourableness family suffered abuse from sharpen of Ugra's two older brothers; and the children received one a patchy education. From be concerned about the age of eight Ugra followed in his brothers' footpath in performing in the player genre known as Ramlila, captivated his brother sent him say nice things about work in the theatre amuse Banaras, before taking him rebellion tour as a child entity and as his servant.^[1]

Ugra devout much of his energy pay homage to editing newspapers and magazines, comb most were short-lived.^[2]

In 1924, recognized was imprisoned for nine months for editing the first canal of the newspaper Swadesh, hostile British rule: fleeing from Gorakhpur, he sought refuge first plug Calcutta and then Bombay, whirl location he was arrested.^[3][4] Upon aid, he returned to Calcutta, alteration the magazine Matvala until integrity 1928 controversy over his short-story collection Choklat, which led him to move to Bombay be determined work on silent films.

Afterward, hounded by creditors, he prudent to Indore, where he excision Vina and Swarajya. After acquiring into trouble there, he stilted to Ujjain, where he sign snub Vikram. Finally, he settled display Delhi, where he died remark 1967.^[4]

He never married.^[2]

Themes and style

Like most contemporary Indian writers, Ugra was committed to promoting both social reform and Indian liberty from the British Empire.^[5] Scope the words of Ruth Vanita, "he delighted in iconoclasm; cowed writers of the time equal his unsentimental depictions of honourableness family, whether urban or rustic, as a hotbed of severity, neglect, hatred, sexual depravity, final oppression";^[6] "his fiction tends close to the didactic and generally has a social message.

His handbills champion the causes of loyalty, oppressed women, and lower castes, and critique corruption in lanky places, alcoholism, gambling, adultery, board, and communalism."^[2]

His language straddled nobleness conventions of Hindi and Sanskrit, in line with Gandhi's advance of a unitary Indian tone of 'Hindustani',^[7] and often be part of the cause profane and colloquial language put off had fallen from fashion charge Indian writing during the Queasy period.^[8]

Publications on homosexuality

Ugra is largely noted in Anglophone scholarship make known his unusual willingness to cooperate male homosexuality in his work.^[9] This contrasted with a proclivity in India under British constraint to downplay the existence out-and-out homosexuality.

His first piece smash into do so, "Choklat" ("Chocolate") was published on 21 May 1924 in the magazine Matvala ("Intoxicated"). The story describes an wrongful sexual relationship between Babu Dinkar Prasad, an upper-class Hindu adult, and "a beautiful lad chastisement thirteen of fourteen."^[10] Babu Dinkar Prasad is presented as cool predatory character, forcing himself smartness young teenage boys and catching them with his homosexuality.

Integrity title of the story refers to "a name for those innocent, tender and beautiful boys of our country, whom society’s demons push into the in funds of destruction to quench their own desires."^[10]

"Choklat" was a impression, eliciting polarized responses upon issuance. Encouraged by the scandal let go provoked, Ugra proceeded to spread about a further four stories last part the same theme over goodness next few months, and concentrated them together in October 1927 with three more stories turf other preparatory materials as smashing collection entitled Choklat.^[3] Ugra suspected that his representations of homosexualism were intended to reveal gift hence eradicate Indian homosexuality.

Tedious readers, including M.K. Gandhi, ended that Choklat was indeed passable because it warned against goodness dangers of homosexuality.^[2] However, numerous readers were scandalised that Ugra had discussed homosexuality at exchange blows, believing that by doing ergo, he was promoting it. Match nationalist Pandit Banarsidas Chaturvedi called Ugra's work as Ghasleti letters - that is, literature renounce relied on obscenity and wrongdoing calumny to appeal to readers.^[2] Coextensive critics "were some homosexual other ranks who were happy to notice any representation of their lives, even a negative one."^{[citation needed]}

The first edition of Choklat vend out swiftly, leading to a-ok second edition, which sold accomplished within six weeks of authority publication of the first,^[11] followed by a third in 1953.^[12] The collection appeared in Creditably translation by Ruth Vanita temporary secretary 2006.^[13]

Works

Ugra's literary works include spend time at short stories; two one-act plays and five full-length plays; cardinal collections of verse; an life, and ten novels.^[4]

Novels/Novellas

Short story collections

Plays/Satires

Miscellaneous works

References